NAME?
Names of places (toponyms) on a road sign indicating their direction in Bali, Indonesia
A name is a term used for identification past an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or inside a given context. The entity identified by a proper name is called its referent. A personal name identifies, non necessarily uniquely, a specific individual human being. The name of a specific entity is sometimes called a proper name (although that term has a philosophical meaning equally well) and is, when consisting of just one word, a proper noun. Other nouns are sometimes called "mutual names" or (obsolete) "general names". A name can be given to a person, place, or matter; for example, parents can requite their child a name or a scientist can give an element a name.
Etymology
The give-and-take proper noun comes from Onetime English nama; cognate with Old High German (OHG) namo, Sanskrit नामन् (nāman), Latin nomen, Greek ὄνομα (onoma), and Persian نام (nâm), from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *h₁nómn̥.[1] Outside Indo-European, it can be connected to Proto-Uralic *nime.
Naming conventions
A naming convention is a set of agreed, stipulated, or by and large accepted standards, norms, social norms, or criteria for naming things.
Parents may follow a naming convention when selecting names for their children. Some take chosen alphabetical names by birth order. In some East Asian cultures it is common for one syllable in a two-syllable given proper name to be a generation proper noun which is the same for firsthand siblings. In many cultures it is common for the son to be named after the begetter or a grandfather. In sure African cultures, such as in Cameroon, the eldest son gets the family proper noun for his given proper name. In other cultures, the name may include the place of residence, or the identify of birth. The Roman naming convention denotes social rank.
Major naming conventions include:
- Astronomical naming conventions
- In biological science, binomial nomenclature
- In chemistry, chemical nomenclature
- In classics, Roman naming conventions
- In computer programming, identifier naming conventions
- In computer networking, computer naming schemes
- Planetary nomenclature in planetary science
- In sciences more often than not, systematic names for a variety of things
Products may follow a naming convention. Automobiles typically take a binomial proper noun, a "make" (manufacturer) and a "model", in addition to a model year, such as a 2007 Chevrolet Corvette. Sometimes there is a name for the car's "decoration level" or "trim line" as well: due east.g., Cadillac Escalade EXT Platinum, later on the precious metal. Computers frequently accept increasing numbers in their names to signify the adjacent generation.
Courses at schools typically follow a naming convention: an abbreviation for the subject surface area and then a number ordered by increasing level of difficulty.
Many numbers (e.grand., depository financial institution accounts, authorities IDs, credit cards, etc.) are not random simply have an internal structure and convention. Virtually all organizations that assign names or numbers will follow some convention in generating these identifiers. Airline flight numbers, Space Shuttle flight numbers, fifty-fifty phone numbers all accept an internal convention.
Personal name
A signature is a person'due south ain handwritten proper noun
A personal name is an identifying word or words by which an individual is intimately known or designated.[two] In many countries, information technology is traditional for individuals to have a personal proper name (also chosen a given name or first name) and a surname (likewise called a concluding name or family name considering it is shared past members of the aforementioned family unit).[3] Some people have 2 surnames, 1 inherited from each parent. In most of Europe and the Americas, the given proper name typically comes earlier the surname, whereas in parts of Asia and Hungary the surname comes earlier the given name. In some cultures it is traditional for a woman to accept her husband's surname when she gets married.
A common practice in many countries is patronym which means that a component of a personal name is based on the given name of ane's father. A less common practice in countries is matronym which ways that a component of a personal name is based on the given proper name of i'due south female parent. In some Due east Asian cultures, it is traditional for given names to include a generation name, a syllable shared between siblings and cousins of the same generation.
Middle names are also used by many people equally a third identifier, and tin be chosen for personal reasons including signifying relationships, preserving pre-marital/maiden names (a popular practise in the United States), and to perpetuate family names. The practice of using middle names dates back to ancient Rome, where information technology was common for members of the elite to accept a praenomen (a personal name), a nomen (a family name, not exactly used the fashion middle names are used today), and a cognomen (a name representing an private attribute or the specific co-operative of a person's family unit).[4] Middle names eventually fell out of use, just regained popularity in Europe during the nineteenth century.[4]
Besides outset, centre, and concluding names, individuals may besides have nicknames, aliases, or titles. Nicknames are informal names used by friends or family unit to refer to a person ("Chris" may be used as a short grade of the personal proper noun "Christopher"). A person may choose to use an alias, or a fake name, instead of their real name, perchance to protect or obscure their identity. People may besides have titles designating their function in an establishment or profession (members of regal families may utilise various terms such equally Male monarch, Queen, Duke, or Duchess to signify their positions of authority or their relation to the throne).[3]
Names of names
In onomastic terminology, personal names of men are called andronyms (from Aboriginal Greek ἀνήρ / man, and ὄνομα / name),[5] while personal names of women are called gynonyms (from Ancient Greek γυνή / woman, and ὄνομα / proper name).[half-dozen]
| Name of ... | Name of name |
|---|---|
| Full name of a person | Personal name |
| Outset proper name of a person | Given name |
| Family proper name | Surname |
| Residents of a locality | Demonym |
| Ethnic group | Ethnonym |
| False or causeless name | Pseudonym |
| Pseudonym of an author | Pen name |
| Pseudonym of a performer | Phase proper name |
| Other names | -onym-suffixed words |
| Name of a... | Name of name |
|---|---|
| Any geographical object | Toponym |
| Body of water | Hydronym |
| Mountain or hill | Oronym |
| Region or country | Choronym |
| Whatever inhabited locality | Econym |
| Hamlet | Comonym |
| Town or city | Astionym |
| Catholic object | Cosmonym |
| Star | Astronym |
| Other names | -onym-suffixed words |
Brand names
Developing a proper name for a make or product is heavily influenced past marketing enquiry and strategy to be appealing and marketable. The brand name is oftentimes a neologism or pseudoword, such as Kodak or Sony.
Religious names
Two charts from an Arabic copy of the Secretum Secretorum for determining whether a person will live or die based on the numerical value of the patient's name.
In the aboriginal world, peculiarly in the ancient near-e (State of israel, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia) names were thought to be extremely powerful and act, in some means, as a split manifestation of a person or deity.[7] This viewpoint is responsible both for the reluctance to use the proper name of God in Hebrew writing or speech, as well as the mutual understanding in ancient magic that magical rituals had to be carried out "in [someone's] proper noun". By invoking a god or spirit past name, one was thought to be able to summon that spirit'south power for some kind of phenomenon or magic (see Luke nine:49, in which the disciples claim to have seen a human being driving out demons using the name of Jesus). This understanding passed into after religious tradition, for example the stipulation in Catholic exorcism that the demon cannot be expelled until the exorcist has forced it to surrender its proper noun, at which bespeak the name may be used in a stern command which will bulldoze the demon away.
Biblical names
In the Old Testament, the names of individuals are meaningful, and a change of name indicates a change of status. For example, the patriarch Abram and his wife Sarai were renamed "Abraham" and "Sarah" at the institution of the Abrahamic covenant (Genesis 17:4, 17:fifteen). Simon was renamed Peter when he was given the Keys to Sky. This is recounted in the Gospel of Matthew chapter sixteen, which according to Roman Catholic teaching[8] was when Jesus promised to Saint Peter the power to accept binding actions.[nine] Proper names are "saturated with meaning".[ten]
Throughout the Bible, characters are given names at birth that reflect something of significance or draw the course of their lives. For case: Solomon meant peace,[11] and the king with that proper noun was the start whose reign was without war.[12] As well, Joseph named his firstborn son Manasseh (Hebrew: "causing to forget")(Genesis 41:51); when Joseph also said, "God has made me forget all my troubles and everyone in my male parent's family unit." Biblical Jewish people did not have surnames which were passed from generation to generation. However, they were typically known as the child of their begetter. For case: דוד בן ישי (David ben Yishay) meaning, David, son of Jesse (1 Samuel 17:12,58). Today, this style of proper name is all the same used in Jewish religious rites.
Indian name
Indian names are based on a diversity of systems and naming conventions, which vary from region to region. Names are also influenced by religion and caste and may come from epics. Republic of india'south population speaks a broad diverseness of languages and nearly every major religion in the world has a following in Bharat. This variety makes for subtle, often confusing, differences in names and naming styles. Due to historical Indian cultural influences, several names beyond South and Southeast Asia are influenced by or adapted from Indian names or words.
For some Indians, their birth name is unlike from their official name; the birth name starts with a randomly selected name from the person's horoscope (based on the nakshatra or lunar mansion corresponding to the person's birth).
Many children are given three names, sometimes as a office of religious pedagogy.
Quranic names (Arabic names)
We tin can see many Standard arabic names in the Quran and in Muslim people, such as Allah, Muhammad, Khwaja, Ismail, Mehboob, Suhelahmed, Shoheb Ameena, Aaisha, Sameena, Rumana, Swaleha, etc. The names Mohammed and Ahmed are the same, for example Suhel Ahmad or Mohammad Suhel are the same. There are many similar names in Islam and Christianity, such every bit Yosef (Islamic)/Joseph (Christian), Adam/Adam, Dawood/David, Rumana/Romana, Maryam/Mary, Nuh/Noah, etc.
Proper noun utilize past animals
The use of personal names is not unique to humans. Dolphins[thirteen] and green-rumped parrotlets[14] also use symbolic names to address contact calls to specific individuals. Individual dolphins have distinctive signature whistles, to which they will respond even when there is no other information to analyze which dolphin is being referred to.
See also
- Chinese name
- Homo names
- Legal proper noun
- Listing of adjectival forms of identify names
- Name calling – a course of verbal abuse
- Names of God
- Numeral (linguistics)
- Onomastics – the study of proper names
- Pop true cat names
- Title (publishing)
References
- ^ "Online Etymology Lexicon". Archived from the original on 2008-09-28. Retrieved 2008-09-20 . ; The asterisk earlier a word indicates that it is a hypothetical construction, non an attested class.
- ^ "personal proper noun". Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ^ a b "General words for names, and types of proper noun". macmillandictionary.com. Macmillan Lexicon. Retrieved xviii June 2018.
- ^ a b Fabry, Merrill (Baronial 16, 2016). "Now Y'all Know: Why Do We Take Middle Names?" (web article). Time.com. Fourth dimension. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ^ Room 1996, p. 6.
- ^ Barolini 2005, p. 91, 98.
- ^ "Egyptian Religion", E. A. Wallis Budge", Arkana 1987 edition, ISBN 0-14-019017-i
- ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church, para 881: "The episcopal college and its head, the Pope" Archived 2010-09-06 at the Wayback Automobile
- ^ The Routledge Companion to the Christian Church building by Gerard Mannion and Lewis S. Mudge (Jan 30, 2008) ISBN 0415374200 page 235
- ^ Baruch Hochman, Character in Literature (Cornell Academy Press, 1985), 37.
- ^ Campbell, Mike. "Meaning, origin and history of the name Solomon". Backside the Name . Retrieved 2018-12-27 .
- ^ "Solomon, the Male monarch". www.dawnbible.com . Retrieved 2018-12-27 .
- ^ "Dolphins Name Themselves With Whistles, Written report Says". National Geographic News. May 8, 2006. Archived from the original on November 14, 2006.
- ^ Berg, Karl S.; Delgado, Soraya; Okawa, Rae; Beissinger, Steven R.; Bradbury, Jack W. (2011-01-01). "Contact calls are used for individual mate recognition in free-ranging green-rumped parrotlets, Forpus passerinus". Beast Behaviour. 81 (one): 241–248. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.10.012. ISSN 0003-3472. S2CID 42150361.
Sources
- Barolini, Teodolinda, ed. (2005). Medieval Constructions in Gender And Identity: Essays in Honor of Joan 1000. Ferrante. Tempe: Arizona Heart for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. ISBN9780866983372.
- Bruck, Gabriele vom; Bodenhorn, Barbara, eds. (2009) [2006]. An Anthropology of Names and Naming (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Printing.
- Fraser, Peter Yard. (2000). "Ethnics every bit Personal Names". Greek Personal Names: Their Value every bit Evidence (PDF). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 149–157.
- Roberts, Michael (2017). "The Semantics of Demonyms in English". The Semantics of Nouns. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 205–220. ISBN978-0-19-873672-1.
- Room, Adrian (1996). An Alphabetical Guide to the Linguistic communication of Name Studies. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN9780810831698.
Further reading
- "Names" by Sam Cumming, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP), a philosophical dissertation on the syntax and semantics of names
- Pilcher, Jane (2017). "Names, Bodies and Identities". Sociology. l (4): 764–779. doi:x.1177/0038038515582157. S2CID 145136869.
- Matthews, Elaine; Hornblower, Simon; Fraser, Peter Marshall, Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Evidence, Proceedings of the British Academy (104), Oxford University Printing, 2000. ISBN 0-19-726216-3
- Name and Class – from Sacred Texts Buddhism
External links
 | Wikiquote has quotations related to: Name |
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to names. |
- Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, Oxford (over 35,000 published names)
- Behind The Proper noun, The etymology of first names
- The Proper noun Tradition In The Christian Culture
- Kate Monk's Onomastikon Names over the globe throughout the history
- . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name
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